Overview of costs per sector

Below you can find an overview of the different cost components that are taken into account by the ETM per sector. You can use this to gain a better understanding of the cost calculations in the ETM and cost results in your scenario. For more information about CAPEX and OPEX, see Cost methods.

Buildings and installations (ex fuel and CCUS)

Households

Subject	Cost components
Space heating & hot water technologies	CAPEX and OPEX
Cooling technologies	CAPEX and OPEX
Heat delivery system	CAPEX and OPEX
Insulation	CAPEX (special module)
Solar PV & solar thermal	CAPEX and OPEX
Appliances, cooking and lighting	No costs

Buildings

Subject	Cost components
Space heating technologies	CAPEX and OPEX
Cooling technologies	CAPEX and OPEX
Heat delivery system	CAPEX and OPEX
Insulation	CAPEX (special module)
Solar PV & solar thermal	CAPEX and OPEX
Appliances, lighting	No costs

Transport

Subject	Cost components
All vehicles	No costs
Electric cars and hydrogen cars	(Optional) additional investment costs

Agriculture

Subject	Cost components
Heating technologies	CAPEX and OPEX
Appliances	No costs

Industry

Subject	Cost components
Heating technologies	CAPEX and OPEX
Appliances	No costs
Feedstock	No costs

Storage and conversion (ex fuel and CCUS)

Subject	Cost components
Power-to-power (p2p)	CAPEX and OPEX of houshold batteries, EV batteries, grid batteries, OPAC and pumped storage
Power-to-gas (p2g)	CAPEX and OPEX of onshore and offshore electrolysers
Power-to-heat (p2h)	CAPEX and OPEX of industrial p2h boilers
Storage	CAPEX and OPEX of hydrogen and heat

Energy Infrastructure (ex fuel and CCUS)

Subject	Cost components
Electricity	CAPEX and OPEX per grid level (HV/MV/LV). Including off-shore grid, interconnection and transformers. (special module)
District heating	CAPEX and OPEX. Distinction between indoor costs, primary and secondary distribution pipelines, exchanger stations and storage costs (per MWh stored). (special module)
Hydrogen	Costs per transported MWh
Natural gas	Fixed amount of annualised infrastructure cost. This amount is area dependent but does not vary with gas demand in a scenario

Energy production (ex fuel and CCUS)

Subject	Cost components
Electricity	For each installed power plant, the ETM takes into account investment, CAPEX an OPEX. For imports, a price (curve) can be set in the model. The electricity price per hour follows from the Merit Order calculation
Heat	For each heater, the ETM takes into account CAPEX an OPEX.
Hydrogen	For each installed hydrogen plant, the ETM takes into account CAPEX an OPEX.

Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)

Subject	Cost components
Capture of CO2 in industry	CAPEX and OPEX
Capture of CO2 in energy sector	CAPEX and OPEX
Direct Air Capture of CO2	CAPEX and OPEX
Sequestration of CO2	CAPEX and OPEX
Utilisation of captured CO2 (production of synthetic methanol and kerosene)	CAPEX and OPEX
CO2 infrastructure	CAPEX and OPEX

Energy carriers and import:

Subject	Cost components
All carriers	All net primary demand of energy carriers. The carrier costs for export are is subtracted from the import costs. For example if gasoline (made in the country) is exported the neccessary imported crude oil costs are substracted from the total crude oil import.